The source Code for the implementation of Python Coursework

The source Code for the implementation of Python - Coursework Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that for each of the data files, the program performed multiple query execution. There were 7 questions, each with a separate SQL command to be executed in the program. The outcome is that the output is also displayed as a continuous block at the end of each source code. Essentially, because the questions applied to all the datasets, all the sections of the source code remained the same except the name of the table, which varied in all the source codes, from table2, to table3 then to table4. With this, the results were obtained differently. The second area of modification involved introduction of advanced methods in the management of the data files. This involved the introduction of GUI interactive platform to replace the command line. For example, the user is prompted by the system to enter the file name as shown in the paper. The program worked as per the requirement. This is confirmed by the screenshots captured during the execution of the program. The screenshots contain accurate values for the answers to the 7 questions in each stage. In that regard, the program is not only running, but also it is answering all the 7 questions in various ways. The program was executed in python 2.7.6. The challenge faced in its development process was to eliminate numerous errors. Various syntax and runtime errors were faced in the preparation of the program. The second challenge was the integration between python program and SQLite program. In this project, I have been able to develop the program to perform the analysis of the data in the CSV data files. The future of this program focuses on the ways of increasing the use of graphical tools and objects to further simplify the entire process. The level of success in this project can be given an overall rating of 77%. Once the transformation is done and the system becomes a full GUI application, then the rating can be increased beyond the current 77%.

Discuss the accuracy of Winston Churchill's description of the United Essay

Discuss the accuracy of Winston Churchill's description of the United States - Essay Example Some people may label certain actions as right when it comes to a particular situation, whereas others will call it wrong. Most of the time, it is something in between the two. The United States frequently takes action, and it is very hard to determine whether that action was right or wrong. I think that for the most part, only history and hindsight will be able to reveal the reality. One example that I think illustrates this particular idea is the War in Iraq. The United States took very swift action against Iraq after the September 11th attacks. I think that this action might be considered right by some as the U.S. couldn’t not respond to the terrorist attacks. Our country would have been viewed as weak and ineffectual if we hadn’t reacted. However, some people might think it was wrong that we attacked Iraq specifically because many of the terrorists on the hijacked planes were from Saudi Arabia, so some didn’t understand why we went to war with Iraq. At the time, it was thought that Saddam Hussein had Weapons of Mass Destruction and was funding the terrorist organizations. However, American has learned since then that this wasn†™t the case. I think this particular circumstance illuminates how muddled the concepts of right and wrong are in today’s society. I think that for the most part Churchill’s statement is largely inaccurate when looking at America’s decisions from an American perspective. While some countries may think that America does not do the right thing, I think that we try to do the right thing for our own country, which makes sense in the larger sense of

Principles of Feng Shui

Principles of Feng Shui Feng shui is an ancient Chinese philosophy about how humans and their environments interact and have relationships. It encompasses the principle that everything has energy and is connected to everything else. It is stemmed in the belief that based on laws of nature, principles, theories and techniques we can understand how to create an environment that allows us to be in harmony and balance. It also can guide us to enhance certain areas of our lives. The basic principle of feng shui is chi or energy. It is a feng shui principle that is used through all of life. It links the energy of all things together. There can be chi or energy of earth, the atmosphere and people. We can see the quality of chi expressed through areas of color, form, shape, sound and the various cycles in nature. Feng shui principles work to ensure that the chi is allowed to keep flowing and not get stuck or depleted. In feng shui principles, there are two main types of feng shui that we need to consider. One of these is physical and contains the actual structures, surroundings, buildings, roads and design. The other involves directional influences that although are invisible, still have an influence on our lives and how we relate to space and time. We need to take both feng shui principles into consideration when evaluating the chi qualities of an environment. According to feng shui, if an area in the environment is not being conducive to providing good chi, there are cures or fixes that we can use to return the chi to a natural healthy state and continue to flow throughout the space. We can fix or correct the feng shui of an area by making small or big adjustments and applying feng shui techniques. These techniques incorporate the use of different elements to create balance and harmony.

Brave New World Essay -- Literary Analysis

Aldous Huxley’s passage narrating a fertility rite conveys his reverence and awe for both the ritual and the people of the Old World. Huxley’s passionate imagery is aided by inspired diction and precise narrative pacing to evoke the excitement and sanctity of the affair. Through his voice comes realization of the ritual as genuine and crucial to a culture; this is in stark contrast to the baseless practice of the Solidarity Service held in the New World. The imagery in the passage is focused upon the participation of the people in the fertility ritual – its effect portrays a ceremony of the utmost sacredness. In his opening, Huxley pictures, â€Å"hundreds of male voices crying out fiercely†¦then again the drums; and once more the men’s deep savage affirmation of their manhood.†The onset of the ritual presents the yelling of the people and the beat of drums – Huxley’s language enlivens the mood of the rite and of the people. As the ritual continues, Huxley introduces masked men, singing, and dancing to which he comments, â€Å"women had shrieked†¦as though they were being killed.† The excitement of the ritual rises to the point of deathly outbursts and the people are impassioned with fervor. What follows is a plethora of spiritual and animalistic symbolism: snakes are thrown amongst the people and covered in â€Å"corn meal†, performers appear from the â€Å"underworld,â₠¬  and dance and sing, decorated in masks of eagles and coyotes, and a man â€Å"nailed to a cross† and an old man with the â€Å"sign of the cross† make appearance. The goal of the ritual is fertility of the land, and so the people must connect with nature to ensure the welfare of their environment. They call upon animals and imitate their visage, and pay homage to pagan and Christian faith w... ...th the intensity of the ritual and his admiring impressions. Huxley makes his awed reaction to the ritual apparent in his use of imagery, diction, and pacing. The overwhelming excitement and the appreciation of mood inherit in his words illustrate the importance of fertility rights to the people of the Old World and their fanatical execution of the ritual – Huxley is in short moved by the act. Compared to the New World, whose ritual is largely an erotic hoax, The Old World’s tradition is remarkable and invigorating. The deadened machines of the New World are made even more apparent when contrasted with the vital souls of the people of the Old World in revitalizing their beloved land. More abstractly, Huxley reveres a society’s preservation of meaningful traditions and values, which inspire genuine passion in people and promote a greater social consciousness.

Killer Joe and Gender Representations

Critical observations of unbalanced representations of gender In William Friedkin’s â€Å"Totally twisted deep-fried Texas redneck trailer park murder story† Killer Joe Freeman 1 British film theorist Laura Mulvey has spent her career using psychoanalysis to uncover pre-set molds and social expectations about gender and sexuality, to interpret classic Hollywood films. Mulvey has argued that there are three ways in which gender is represented within Hollywood cinema. First, she argues that women lack control and meaning, thus fueling their desire for the penis and power of a man.She also states that women exist as a silent opposition to the dominant man (a child-bearing subject merely in relation to). Last, this essay will argue that women are meant to carry no significance of their own but acting as merely a threatening obstacle for the male to â€Å"overcome† or re-work (Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, 1975). Laura Mulvey and her views on female representa tions and gender roles within Hollywood films still prevail with fundamental relevance in modern Hollywood cinema.This essay will underline the truths of Mulvey’s observations by using William Friedkin’s violently obscene farce Killer Joe (2011) to argue that Mulvey’s article, no matter how outdated, can still be used to address prominent and modern examples of unbalanced sexual representations within Hollywood cinema. On the surface it may seem very obvious that the men have the power in this film due to how the women are represented and treated.But, as Killer Joe unfolds the question is whether it is the women with the power, or just an obvious desire for power fueled by their lack of meaning, control, and a phallus, as Mulvey has mentioned in previous years. The first man we see in the film is young and weak, wet, vulnerable, locked out of the trailer and getting violent. He is verbally demeaning towards his younger sister Dottie as if it were her fault that he is locked out, and her purpose to wake up and let him in.Dottie Smith is the first female we see, and becomes a central subject for the ruthless male – she Freeman 2 lacks authority, lacks independence, and her fetal position is an obvious symbol for needing nurturing from a stronger being. Dottie is made to appear lonesome, without companionship or passion. As she lies there, Friedkin intends to focus on Dottie’s innocent aspects, such as her belongings: dollhouses, stuffed animals, pink curtains, teen-pop heartthrobs taped to the walls, although the young woman in the bed appears to be too old for such childish decor.The second woman we see is placed directly in front of the camera by her unruly crotch. Her face appears after we become acquainted with her lower half, with makeup smeared down her cheekbones and her nipples exposed from under a thin sweat-stained shirt. The first two women in this film are polar opposites (one a fragile blonde virgin who sleeps with stuffed animals, and Sharla, an older brunette women a little too comfortable with her sexuality).This difference expresses to us that this story will focus hugely upon the different aspects of woman as a representation, and highlight that Laura Mulvey’s views on women are still incredibly relevant throughout Friedkin’s film. Mulvey also mentions that the act of looking is a source of pleasure for the male scotophil. The explicit placement of the camera exhibits these women and their features to the audience as sexual spectacles while it solicits our attention, shapes our opinions about women to make â€Å"erotic lookers† out of us, and creates an unevenly distributed â€Å"power to look† (Mulvey, 1975).The young male, Chris Smith, is hardly phased by his step mothers exposed vagina in his face because it is insinuated that he has either seen it before, seen many others like it before, or that she is so disgusting to him that her crotch means nothing to him sexually or even in regards as a human being. Chris is allowed to expose himself while urinating while Sharla yells for him to close the door. Chris’ penis is allowed to be exposed to women as a sign of power Freeman 3 and manipulation, while a woman’s exposed vagina is a sign of weakness, objectiveness, and sleaziness.After all of this, she grabs a beer from the fridge before putting any clothes on. She is an over sexualized woman, a sexual spectical, while also appearing to be very masculine in her actions, which is to assume that certain actions and characteristics of both male and female are set in stone to shape our expectations of gender in Hollywood cinema. The beer before pants, the over exposure of her body, and the way Sharla speaks to her step-son are all actions that a man might follow through with, and she does this in a way that expresses her desire for authority, for a penis like the men she obviously idolizes.Sharla and Chris physically fight as if they were both men – she desperately wants to fit into their world, but she is cast away like an unusable piece of meat once her duty to grab them beers has been filled. At thirteen minutes we see Dottie practicing Kung-Fu to a Jet Li movie on the television, which is an example of her wishing she were stronger, wishing she had the ability and the â€Å"balls† to fight against evil when in reality she is more like a play-thing for her Father, Ansel Smith, Chris and for Joe Cooper.Women lack control, yet they desire it, desire the power of the dominant male gender, and Killer Joe establishes the female characters in the same way that Laura Mulvey had expressed this view in 1975 as being an underlying representation of women throughout Hollywood cinema. Mulvey also argues that women exist as a mere childbearing relation to the male, as a silent opposition that is not a gender of it’s own, but a male-like figure lacking in its significant source of superiority: the phallus.Essentially, social constructions would argue that women are born more naturally gentle and nurturing because of their ability to breed, while men are naturally born with more acceptable aggression, enabling them to Freeman 4 â€Å"protect† their gentle mate (Media and Society 5th ed. , 350-351). Thirty-four seconds into the film we have heard a zippo lighter, purposeful footsteps, and a shotgun cocked and blast before we are shown anything, visually. From those sounds alone, the film carries a grunge-country, plaid-wearing, sweaty-man undertone that never ceases to leave the screen.An angry storm, angry pit-bull and a sloppy trailer park establish the setting of the film, forewarning us that this is a â€Å"mans† film, and is anything but clean. Ansel and Chris, father and son, are talking about Dottie’s virginity as if she has not lived out her purpose to society yet until she finally gives it up. The inheritance of Dottie’s mother Adele went t o her scumbag boyfriend Rex before her daughter, (whom we find out she tired to kill as a baby). This expresses that women will always fall to the feet of the male superior, as Mulvey has mentioned.Ansel and Sharla talk about Dottie sleeping with cowboy-in-black Joe Cooper for the first time as if satisfying him sexually will benefit the family. They force her to get a dress, look pretty, because â€Å"If she don’t know what’s expected of her, she might disappoint him! † (Sharla, Killer Joe). Mulvey’s idea that women are merely objects for childbearing is hugely represented when Dottie finally stands up for herself at the end of Killer Joe, kills her family in an act that could only come from the confidence of carrying a child and a loaded phallus.Sharla loses all invisible phallic confidence that she once had, when Joe kicks the shit out of her. Sharla never wanted kids – she was never a woman with the maternal instinct, therefore she carried no s ignificance or necessary female attributes that satisfied the man. Sharla tries to overcome the obligations of her gender by cheating on her husband with a younger man, but the photo proof of their sex life backfires on her when Joe uses her bold promiscuity against her as if it were her duty as a woman to be gentle, easily Freeman 5 anipulated, and loyal – only the men are allowed variety. Like this essay has stated, Friedkin’s Killer Joe is an obvious expression of Laura Mulvey views on the male-authoritative being objective towards women and their abilities as human beings outside of their ability to reproduce. Which brings this essay to the third statement, which emphasizes that women are meant to carry no significance of their own as a lone-standing gender, but as Laura Mulvey indicates, act as a threatening obstacle for the male to â€Å"overcome† or re-work into something acceptable, and useable.Regine-Mihal Friedman, author of educational article Invisib le Metamorphosis (2012), proves in her modern film analysis that the on-screen representation of sexual violence against women has always been a customary theme of cinematic narration, not only in Hollywood as Mulvey mentions, but within international cinema as well. Ansel Smith of Killer Joe is constantly in the â€Å"dog-house† because of Sharla. She wears the pants, carries the symbolic penis in the relationship and she likes it that way. It is her relationship with Corvette Rex that makes her feel dominated, and she appreciates both aspects of her relationships.When Sharla is with Ansel she can have the power and the penis, and while she is with Rex she is able to figuratively and literally lay back and be taken and overcome by the penis. Chris comes to live with Ansel and Sharla because of his relationship with his mother, Adele, and her empowerment over him, causing the reoccurring question throughout the film â€Å"did you hit her, again? † (Ansel, Sharla, Kille r Joe). For some reason, Chris and Ansel feel entitled to a cut of what Dottie is inherited, again, taking the power away from the phallus-longing female.Chris feels like he is getting back at his mother for everything she did to him and his sister Dottie. Instead of taking the blame for his own mistakes, every one of Freeman 6 his problems falls on Adele, and she must die because of it: active male, female problem solved. Dottie appears nude in a dream that Chris has about her where she slips her robe off to reveal her naked body, but instead of giving him sexual favors, she holds her fists up and stands in a fighter position as if to say â€Å"I am woman, hear me roar! He wakes up terrified, either because of his incestuous dream, or because a supposedly passive female is attempting to overpower his role as the active male – could be both. Again, this proves that a male audience needs to look voyeuristically to maintain power, anonymity, creating an erotic mystery to havin g seen without being seen (Mulvey, 1975). When Dottie officially becomes Joe’s retainer for the lack of payment by the Smith family, she is officially in Joe’s hands, whatever he says goes, whatever he needs and craves (including her virginity) he claims, and takes.Her body is his to construct, his to mold into something acceptable, something that fits into his life, and fits over his dominance, his penis, forever like a piece of clay. Dottie is easily pressured into sleeping with him and becomes â€Å"comfortable† in the black dress when Joe offers her flowers and a â€Å"heartfelt† story about his youth. She is no longer the feisty Jet Li wannabe that Joe once saw her as; Dottie has allowed Joe to â€Å"fix† her, to impregnate her, and to make her existence purposeful.Sharla, the overly confident manipulative whore who believes that she can do, say, get away with anything is put in her place when she makes Joe Cooper ejaculate in his pants while sucking on a KFC chicken wing held to his crotch. To overpower the women you must make her bow down to you, suck you off (suggestively), while waving a piece of chicken (your dominance) in her face. The film concludes with Clarence Carter’s Strokin’, a song that could tell you a lot about Laura Mulvey’s views on themesFreeman 7 of sexually dominated women throughout Hollywood cinema as a whole, and precisely, Freidkin’s Killer Joe. Killer Joe has taught us many things: If the women want the penis so bad, we should give it to them, that a pregnant women is a powerful women but only if she is literally holding a big deadly penis in her hands (cocked and ready to blow bullets at you), and that if you take that penis away, she is nothing but an annoying piece of KFC being waved in your face, begging for significance.Film theorist Laura Mulvey’s three views regarding a woman’s need for the male phallus, their obligation to reproduce, and that wom en are never exceptional creatures until the man makes them so, has been proven to appear in both classic and modern Hollywood cinema. William Friedkin’s obscene murder-story Killer Joe is an undeniable example of how Laura Mulvey’s ideas are still very apparent when observing unbalanced representations of gender throughout Hollywood Cinema. Freeman 8 Works CitedKiller Joe. Dir. William Friedkin. Perf. Matthew McConaughey. Voltage Pictures, 2011. Film. Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen (Society for Education in Film and Television), 16:3 (Autumn 1975): 6-18. O’Shaughnessy, M. , & Stadler. (2012). Media and Society Fifth Edition. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1999) Friedman, R. -M. (2012). Invisible Metamorphoses, Studies in Documentary Film, 6:3, pp. 273–290, doi: 10. 1386/sdf. 6. 3. 273_1

Go to Hell Essay

Introduction: 1. Problem Studied. Supervisors are not Using Software Base Company’s IJSFA System. This Software is for all Employees of GlaxoSmithKline for Reporting and monitoring. Supervisors are not much trained to use it and they are not award of the importance of IJSFA System. 2. Research Goals. To investigate about the reason that why majority employees are not using Compass IJSFA System. Preliminary Details: 1. Background Information on the Organization. Multinational Company Established in 2000. GlaxoSmithKline is a Public Limited Company and working in 358 countries. GlaxoSmithKline is Expanding by acquiring Local and Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies to expand. 2. Information on Structure, Culture and Management Philosophy. The Structure of Company is geographically distributed in all over Pakistan. Culture of company is very much professional, with people from different locations and countries. Majority management of the company is formal, there is a lot of audit for every step. 3. Perceptions Attitudes and Behavioral Responses. All employees of the company are empowered to take decision under the umbrella of company’s code of conduct. Employees are trained and get trained by company’s Academy, twice or thrice a year. Employees are positive towards company’s policies. 4. Literature Survey. GlaxoSmithKline is well reputed Multinational Pharmaceutical Company. It has quality assurance department in every segment of company. Employees of GlaxoSmithKline are motivated and positive towards fluctuations. 5. Theoretical Frame work. The relationship among reporting system, supervisors, time management and Training sessions are as follows: a. Reporting System is used by Supervisors to send information to Head office, as well as supervisors can also use this information as history experience. b. Time management to use reporting system is totally dependent on Supervisors because supervisors are mostly busy in field work where they cannot use internet service to use reporting system. c. Training sessions are always helpful for the Supervisors to manage time to use Reporting system and how to use it efficiently. d. Lack of interest is also a factor in supervisors, towards reporting system after busy field work. Relevant Theory: Pfizer Pharmaceutical faced this problem in 2007. They investigated that employees are not using IJSFA system because they unable to manage their time to use reporting system. They solve this problem by providing mobile internet devices to the employees so that they can report from field as well, there is no such need to go to internet clubs or office or home. They conclude that field force supervisors does not have much time to go office or home to use reporting system. 6. Hypothesis Formulated. Hâ‚’= SLI = SEI H1= SLI ≠  SEI H2= SNT = SNI Where, SLI = Supervisors has lack of interest. SEI = Supervisors cannot efficiently use reporting system. SNT = Supervisors are not trained to use Compass reporting system. SNI = Supervisors are aware of Importance of reporting system. Research Design: 1. Type and Nature of Study. Purpose of the study is to test the above mentioned hypothesis. This research is establishing group differences of different geographical locations of company. Minimal interference will be occur during research as it is a studying research. It will be an one shot time horizon research. 2. Sampling Design. This research is based on Area sampling and convenience sampling. Some statistical measures will also be used in it to prove our hypothesis or disprove it. From population of 142, 20 sample size is selected by using random no. table. 3. Data Collection Methods. A questionnaire of structured questions will be presented to some element and some of the questionnaire will be filled by phone interviews as they live in other cities or distant locations. 4. Data Analytic Techniques Used. Employees will be about their experience in company and also no. of training sessions attended, it will show their interest if they are trained then why not they are using it efficiently and if they are not trained then it may b the reason to prove our alternate hypothesis. Secondly, employees have to tell their priorities to look into their time management skill. They will be asked about some terms which are related to compass to recheck their command on Compass reporting system. Research Findings: Hypothesis Testing. 1. The data analysis shows that 70 percent of the employees are below 5 years of experience and they are facing problem in using reporting system and time management factor. 1. Secondly, 70 percent employees attended only 10 training sessions in their professional career which shows that they need more managing skills or they should be helped by company to efficiently use reporting system. 1. Lastly, 60 percent of the total employees are uncomfortable in using Compass IJSFA system because they are not having background from IT knowledge. Conclusions: Finally, it make us to conclude that our null hypothesis is proven wrong but alternative hypothesis is proven true i-e, SNT = SNI . Supervisors are not trained to use Compass reporting system which is the main fact. Supervisors are aware of Importance of reporting system because this reporting system is containing an unlimited data of customer feedbacks and customer profile. Recommendations: Mainly employees are having low grip on using Compass reporting system so they should be trained on urgently bases to get desired performance. There is a problem in time management by field force also. It should be solved if Mobile devices of reporting system should be provided to them to save their time.

History of Organizational Communication Essays

History of Organizational Communication Essays History of Organizational Communication Essay History of Organizational Communication Essay History of the Field Reflection Paper| What is organizational communication? As a field organizational communication studies exactly what it sounds like the communication in organization. Defining the particulars of this often comes down to the researcher and the perspective that skew their opinions on the field. These subtle differences are why it takes Papa, Daniels and Spiker almost 16 pages to express their definition of their field of study. The organizational experiences of an individual have a huge influence on the individual’s opinion and definition. Despite this all communication that involves two or more members of an organization constitutes organizational communication. It does not have to pertain to the organization, but can be to build a relationship. To actually develop a short definition for organizational let alone organizational communication. There is no way to box this field because of the changes that has occurred over its short life and the wide expanses that it covers. However, it is essential as a future professional in an organization to create this personal philosophy and refine it often. For me this class and article has changed my view on the definition of organizational communication. For the past several years I have defined the term as communication within a business, but now I see that it encompasses a large majority of the communication that occurs. The influence of organizations has increased to a point that it defines our culture. It has done this to a point that our local, national and global communities could be defined as an organization. However, analyzing the influence of small scale interpersonal communication on the â€Å"global organization† is not feasible. Because of this the study of organizations is focused mostly on the members that have a direct and significant influence on an organization they are involved with. This ranges from CEO’s, managers, employees and customers. The communication between the groups and within each group is going to vary greatly, and it also depends on the role that each individual is in. With the near limitless communication possibilities in organizations makes it fascinating to look at how the communication facilitates the development of community in an organization Even by limiting organizational communication to this smaller sect of the globe it still accounts for almost all communication that an individual participates in outside of the family and relationships. As the article details that before leaving the house the influence organizations have on individuals is huge. This also goes further because a large part of the interaction in an organization is between peers both inside and outside of t he physical container of the organization. Since the development organizational communication the changes in perspectives has changed rapidly and drastically. With this change the area of study has also shifted. The traditional perspective was trying to use communication as a tool on their machine to slim down and increase their profits. Since then the view has changed to how communication works and how it can affect social issues within an organizations. As a field the widening the base of study is essential to the growth of the field and organizations. Defining organizational communication is an adventure into communication and all of its intricacies. The field is as flexible as the organizations it both creates and portrays, but also relates to other fields of study in communication and other social sciences. True understanding of organizations and the communication within will only come through the study of current perspectives and keeping an open mind to new organization types. What is the value of studying organizational communication? Through studying organizational communication we look at the daily communication of almost every individual in the modern world. If we do not study this integral part of our lives we would be missing out on a huge part of human communication. Being able to analyze different aspects of communication further builds our understanding of our own interests. Organizational communication integrates a variety of communication sub sects making analysis much easier. Organizational communication gives an interesting perspective on other areas of communication as well. The stresses that occur in the workplace drive communication to be a success of failure. This mixed with the wide variety characters in the organizational melting pot it gives researchers a chance to look at interracial, nterpersonal and group communication on a regular basis that otherwise would be much harder to look at. Also studying organizational communication gives companies and individuals to improve their communication and the efficiency of their business. Without communication nothing in an organization can be accomplished. Through studying organizations and then applying the results an organization can improve its profits with little cost and time. Individual s who study any communication let alone organizational communication have a huge advantage in organizational life. This is the biggest reason that I chose to study organizational communication is to give me a greater understanding of how communication works both in everyday life, but also in the professional world. As with any other young and growing field if you do not study its past you have no chance to make it. The personal and professional benefits of studying this field are amazing. With the global change from small family businesses to large global organizations it is necessary to stay current with the trends of all aspects of the organizations that are taking over the world. What two or three specific bits of information did you find most surprising, interesting, or valuable and why? The most valuable part of this article, and even this assignment was to develop a better understanding of the field that I am studying. When I first started in this minor I never had a good understanding of the organizational part of organizational communication. Through this article there has been a development of understanding, and a new ability to apply the information I have studied for the last three years. Every time I hear or read about how young the field of organizational communication is its really astounding how much it has grown. Even with the substantial amount of research drawn on from other fields the rate of growth detracts nothing from the acceptance throughout the organizational community. Being in a communication program it is required that I say that communication is the basis of everything. Having some of the most powerful people in the world acknowledge this young field makes it a lot easier to justify this point of view. The interpretive perspective brings organizations to a level of abstraction that really shows the importance of communication. The construction of reality through communication has been intriguing to me since it was mentioned in one of my early communication classes. With the interaction between members of an organization there is no way for it to be anything less than the sum of its parts. The judgment of the parts and the sum is as subjective as the example of the five dollar bill. These three parts of the chapter pulled at me strongly because they bring out the uniqueness and importance of communication. What is something interesting and/or valuable about the history of organizational communication that you discovered from sources beyond the assigned reading? While reading through this chapter I had a hard time trying to find something really intriguing, so I looked for an interesting name on the references page for an interesting name. All of this lead me to Organizational trust: What it means, why it matters from the Organization Development Journal and was written by Shockley-Zalabak, Ellis and Winograd and was published in the winter of 2000. After reading through the abstract I was hooked into a very interesting article about how trust can increase productivity. Although the article is not specifically about the history of organizational communication it does the field to other organizational fields, and even acknowledges that without communication building trust we be near impossible. By being honest with your employees the since of community can grow. This is especially important when it comes to groups and teams in an organization. Without trust a group can never bridge that gap to achieve teamness. In order to build trust in a team it takes communication that meets all of the parts the authors are testing in the article. Trust to some degree is an underlying factor in all communication in general, but for an organization trust is money. One of the most important parts of this article was the idea of identification with a company. If an employee agrees with the values of the company and the company’s product they will be more productive making the company and themselves more productive. Working for a company that you feel like you can brag to your family and friends about is something unique and a powerful motivator. Relating the work of Kenneth Burke, organizations, teams and communication in an article was sure to interest someone in our program, and it does reaffirm previous studies relating to the foundations of the field. Almost all research dealing with organizations are going to have direct ties to the communication field because of how interrelated they are, and the relative youth. For the field to continue to grow we must focus on the past and the ever changing face of organizations in a global market.